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There are two basic kinds of Iris: bearded and plain. There
are also miniatures that grow only eight inches tall as
compared to the traditional Iris which grows up to about
three feet tall.
The Iris is a perennial plant that grows from a root called
a rhizome. Plant them about 12 inches apart. The rhizome
should be planted even with the soil with the top of the
rhizome above ground.
 Plant Irises in full sun or partial shade. Iris needs well
drained soil. Root rot can result if they are planted in
soil that stays too wet. They tolerate drought very well,
needing water only during the driest part of the summer.
Fertilize lightly about 6 weeks before bloom time.
Plant in July, August, or September. For southern states
October and November are not too late. The plants need to
be well established to get through the winter.
Mulching is a matter of preference. A little mulch will
help keep down weeds but the rhizomes need sunshine so do
not mulch very deeply.
Divide Iris every 3 to 4 years or whenever they stop
producing as many blooms. That is a signal that they need
more space. Dig up and plant only the newest part of the
rhizome tossing the older parts into the compost pile. When
transplanting be sure each rhizome has some root and at
least a couple of leaves.
Irises aren't bothered by many insects. The root borer is
the major pest of iris. It is a caterpillar that chews on
the rhizomes and causes the rhizome to rot. Thrips can
cause damage to the buds but can be easily controlled by
spraying insecticidal soap or by dusting the buds with
diatomaceous earth.
At the end of blooming time the stems should be cut off but
the leaves should be left to grow the rest of the summer.
The leaves are making food for the rhizome so the plant can
flower again next season. Any leaves that have brown spots
or look unhealthy should be removed.
For more on growing and controlling iris borer and thrips
visit:
http://www.apluswriting.net/garden/iristips.htm
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